Adverbs & Adjectives

Adjective Clause

Adjective Clause merupakan klausa yang berfungsi sebagai kata yang menerangkan nomina (adjektiva). Dalam hal ini Adjective Clause memungkinkan dapat menggabungkan dua kalimat untuk membentuk satu kalimat yang berisi adjective clause.

Berikut adalah artikel yang didalamnya mengandung unsur Adjective Clause:


MADRID (AP)—The anticipation surrounding Lionel Messi is building as Barcelona plays Real Madrid at the Santiago Bernabeu on Saturday in a match that could go a long way to deciding which team wins the Spanish league title.
Messi scored four goals Tuesday to lead defending Champions League winner Barcelona to a 4-1 win over Arsenal and into the semifinals.
Messi’s sublime performance has instilled concern in Madrid over how to stop the Argentina forward, who has scored 39 goals in all competitions to surpass his total last season.
“I don’t talk about myself. Ever,” Messi was quoted as saying in Thursday’s El Mundo newspaper. “I don’t like it and I don’t want to. All I want to do is play football and do the things well. The truth is for me, it’s a great honor that all of these things are being talked about.
“I don’t know what you would call the moment I’m in right now but it’s definitely a good one.”
Madrid and defending champion Barcelona have 77 points at the top of the standings. Madrid, which won nothing last year, leads on goal difference with eight rounds left. Valencia, which is third with 56 points, takes on Mallorca.
Barcelona has won three straight matches against its bitter rival, including a record 6-2 win at Santiago Bernabeu stadium last season on the way to claiming the title and leading to Madrid’s massive offseason buying spree.
Madrid spent more than ?250 million ($363 million) on Cristiano Ronaldo, Kaka, Karim Benzema, Xabi Alonso and others, but another early European exit leaves it with only the league to win.
“Real Madrid has invested a lot of money to form a great team,” Messi said. “They did it, they have great players and they’ll fight to the end, that’s for sure. It’s only normal after everything they’ve done in the summer.
“But in the end, it’s the players not the money which plays. It’s a team filled with great players and any one of them can influence the match.”
Kaka and Benzema are not certain to play due to groin strains, leaving Ronaldo to carry the load. The Portugal forward, who has 18 goals to Messi’s league-leading 26, missed good chances in a 1-0 loss at the Camp Nou earlier this season.
Madrid will also counting on Gonzalo Higuain, who is second to Messi with 24 goals.
“We have Cristiano, one of the best at deciding a game and, secondly, we have a revelation at striker with Higuain,” Madrid midfielder Jose Maria “Guti” Gutierrez said. “Barca also has to worry about us.”
Madrid-based sports daily Marca led with the headline “And how do we stop this guy?” following Messi’s performance.
“It would be ridiculous to think about just defending one player,” Guti said. “You can’t plan to mark just Messi because then (Thierry) Henry, (Zlatan) Ibrahimovic, (Andres) Iniesta, Bojan (Krkic) or Pedro (Rodriguez) appear.”
Ibrahimovic remains in doubt due to a thigh muscle tear, while Iniesta has recovered from a similar injury. Barcelona is missing France defender Eric Abidal because of a thigh problem, while center back Gerard Pique’s participation will likely be decided just before the game.
Barcelona has won four, lost two and drawn one in matches against Madrid in which Messi featured. The world player of the year has scored six goals in those seven games.
“It’s always been like this with my life. Since my debut, everything’s happened so fast,” Messi said. “But you have to live it with calmness. I’m relaxed, I’m always relaxed. I’m doing what I always wanted to do, which was to play football.”
Overall, Madrid has 68 wins to Barcelona’s 61 with 30 draws, although the Catalans have won three straight.
In other matches this weekend, it’s: Malaga vs. Sevilla; Tenerife vs. Valladolid; Villarreal vs. Sporting Gijon; Xerez vs. Getafe; Deportivo La Coruna vs. Racing Santander; Athletic Club vs. Almeria; Osasuna vs. Zaragoza; and Espanyol vs. Atletico Madrid.

Catatan : kalimat adjective clause ditandai dengan huruf tebal dan miring.

Conditional Sentences Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 with Lyric for Example

 

Conditional Sentence adalah kalimat pengandaian.Conditional terbagi atas 4 bagian, yaitu :

·         Factual Conditional (Type 0)

To talk about general Truth. (Untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang umum terjadi dalam suatu situasi dan yang merupakan hubungan sebab - akibat).

POLA :

If + Simple Present + Simple Present

Example :

1. If you mix yellow and blue, you get green.
2. If you eat to much, you gain weight.
3. If the temperature of water drops to freezing point, it turns into ice.
4. If water is added to oil, the oil floats on top.

·         Open Conditional (First Conditional = Type 1)

To talk about things in the future which can happen or which are possible. (untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang mungkin terjadi di waktu yang akan datang)

POLA :

If + Simple Present + Simple Future

Example :

1. If it rains, he will stay at home.
2. I will tell you what he said, if you don't tell anyone.
3. If I finish my work early today, I will go to the movie.
4. If you leave before six, you will catch the bus.
5. I will explain the lesson if you ask me.
6. If you submit your home work , you will get a good grate.

7.      If you give me money, I will help you.

8.      If you help me, I will give you money.

9.      If you leave your sister alone, she will miss you.

Passive voice

Functions of the passive voice

The passive voice is used to show interest in the person or object that experiences an action rather than the person or object that performs the action. In other words, the most important thing or person becomes the subject of the sentence.

Examples

• The passive voice is used frequently. (= we are interested in the passive voice, not in who uses it.)
• The house was built in 1654. (= we are interested in the house, not in who built it.)
• The road is being repaired. (= we are interested in the road, not in the people who are doing the repairs.)

Sometimes we use the passive voice because we don't know or do not want to express who performed the action.

Examples

• I noticed that a window had been left open.
• Every year thousands of people are killed on our roads.
• All the cookies have been eaten.
• My car has been stolen!

Belajar Simple Past Tense, Simple Present Tense, Simple Future Tense Melalui Lirik Lagu

(Simple Past Tense)

Just Give Me A Reason

Right from the start
You were a thief
You stole my heart
And I your willing victim
I let you see the parts of me
That weren’t all that pretty
And with every touch you fixed them

Now you’ve been talking in your sleep, oh, oh
Things you never say to me, oh, oh
Tell me that you’ve had enough
Of our love, our love

Just give me a reason
Just a little bit’s enough
Just a second we’re not broken just bent
And we can learn to love again
It’s in the stars
 It’s been written in the scars on our hearts
We’re not broken just bent
And we can Learn to love again

I’m sorry I don’t understand
Where all of this is coming from
I thought that we were fine
(Oh, we had everything)
Your head is running wild again
My dear we still have everythin’
And it’s all in your mind
(Yeah, but this is happenin’)

You’ve been havin’ real bad dreams, oh, oh
You used to lie so close to me, oh, oh
There’s nothing more than empty sheets
Between our love, our love
Oh, our love, our love

Oh, tear ducts and rust
I’ll fix it for us
We’re collecting dust
But our love’s enough
You’re holding it in
You’re pouring a drink
No nothing is as bad as it seems
We’ll come clean

⇒ warna pink: Kalimat Simple Past.

Bentuk	Rumus		Contoh Kalimat
+	Verbal	S + Verb-2	She killed a snake yesterday
	Nominal	S + was/were + nominal	I was there but you did not see me
–	Verbal	S + did + not + Infinitive	She did not know where to go.
	Nominal	S + was/were + not + nominal	When I was a child, I used to cry.
?	Verbal	Did + S + Infinitive	Did you take my money?
	Nominal	Was/were + S + nominal?	Was the case hard to solve?

Subject, Verb, Complement & Modifier (Softskill English Tugas 1)

Subject, Verb, Complement & Modifier

1.1 SUBJECT

Subject complement is a noun , pronoun , adjective , or another construction (acting as a noun or adjective ) following verbs of being or linking verb and serves to explain or refer to the subject of the sentence .

Subject complement is divided into three , namely : predicate adjective ( subjects connected with the adjective ) , predicate noun ( subject associated with the noun ) , and predicate pronoun ( subject connected with the pronoun ) .

For example:

* He is a really nice guy.

* “He” is the subject of the sentence, controlling the verb and the complement.

* My dog attacked the burglar.

* “My dog” is the subject, controlling the verb and the rest of the sentence.

* David plays the piano

* The subject “David” performs the action of “playing the piano”.

* The police interviewed all the witnesses.

* The subject the police performs the action of interviewing all the witnesses.

To determine the subject of a sentence, first isolate the verb and then make a question by placing “who?” or “what?” before it. Having identified the Subject, we can see that the remainder of the sentence tells us what the Subject does or did. We refer to this string as the “predicate” of the sentence.

For example:

* Who plays the piano?

=> “David” ( = Subject)

=> “plays the piano” ( = predicate) tells us what David does.

* Who interviewed all the witnesses?

=> “The police” (= Subject)

=> “interviewed all the witnesses” ( = predicate) tell us what the police did.

Subjects can either be “simple”, “compound” or “complex”

• Simple Subject

Composed of a single pronoun, noun or noun phrase.

• Complex Subject

A complex subject consists of a noun phrase and any words, phrases, or clauses that modify it.

For example:

* The man who had followed us inside walked over to the telephone.

=> central noun: man

=> complex subject: the man who had followed us inside

* The superior performance of La Traviata pleased the wealthy audience.

=> central noun: performance

=> complex subject: the superior performance of La Traviata

• Compound Subject

A compound subject consists of two or more noun phrases (and their modifiers if any) joined together with a coordinating conjunction.

For example:

* The man and the woman walked over to the telephone.

=> The compound subject here is the whole phrase, “the man and the woman.”

* Neither the superior performance of La Traviata nor the excellent wine at intermission pleased the wealthy audience.

=> Again, the whole phrase, “neither the superior performance of La Traviata nor the excellent wine at intermission,” is the subject. The phrase answers the question, “What pleased the wealthy audience?”

1.2 VERB

verb ( verb ) is a function word to indicate the action of the subject , showing events or circumstances . Verb is one of the eight parts of speech .

English verbs are not always simple shape ( one word ) , but may be the result of a combination of phrases into phrasal verbs with particle ( get in , make-up , read over ) .

For example:

* Paul rides a bicycle.
* Here, the verb rides certainly denotes an action which Paul performs – the action of riding a bicycle.
* We buy some books to learn English verbs.
* In this example, the action word is “to buy”. It tells us that the subject “we”, that is the person who performs the action of the verb is “buying some books”.

The verb tense shows the time of the action or state. Aspect shows whether the action or state is completed or not. Voice is used to show relationships between the action and the people affected by it. Mood shows the attitude of the speaker about the verb, whether it is a declaration or an order. Verbs can be affected by person and number to show agreement with the subject.

Most statements in speech and writing have a main verb. These verbs are expressed in “tenses” which place everything in a point in time.

Verbs are conjugated (inflected) to reflect how they are used. There are two general areas in which conjugation occurs; for person and for tense.

Conjugation for tense
Conjugation for tense is carried out on all verbs. All conjugations start with the infinitive form of the verb.
The infinitive is simply the to form of the verb For example, to begin.
The present participle form (the -ing form), is formed by adding ing to the bare infinitive. For example, to begin – beginning.
There are two other forms that the verb can take, depending on the tense type and time, the simple past form and the past participle.

The form of the verb or its tense can tell when events take place.
For example, the verb kiss:

Present Simple: kiss/kisses
Past Simple: kissed
Future Simple: will kiss
Present Perfect: has/have kissed
Past Perfect: had kissed
Future Perfect: will have kissed
Present Continuous (Progressive): is/am/are kissing
Past Continuous (Progressive): was kissing
Future Continuous (Progressive): will be kissing
Present Perfect Continuous (Progressive): has/have been kissing
Past Perfect Continuous (Progressive): had been kissing
Future Perfect Continuous (Progressive): will have been kissing

Conjugation for person
Conjugation for person occurs when the verb changes form, depending on whether it is governed by a first, second, or third person subject. This gives three conjugations for any verb depending on who is acting as the subject of the verb. For example: we have I begin, you begin , and he begins. Note that only the third conjunction really shows a difference.

In English, we distinguish between regular and irregular verbs. Regular verbs are those ones which form their past simple and past participle just by adding “-ed” to the base of the verb. The rest are irregular.
Examples:

* Dracula bites his victims on the neck.
* In early October, Giselle will plant twenty tulip bulbs.
* She travels to work by train.
* We walked five miles to a garage.

1.3 COMPLEMENT

A complement is the part of a Sentence that comes after the VERB and is needed to make the sentence complete. The following are the most important types of complement used in English:

1. SUBJECT COMPLEMENT
   Eg: He’s a surveyor. (The Subject is completed by the complement to the verb. This is a Copula
   Verb.
   b.  OBJECT COMPLEMEN
   Eg: She sent him the fax. (The setence is completed by telling us what she sent to him.)
   c.   ADJECTIVAL COMPLEMENT
   Eg: They’ll be happy. (The sentence is completed by the Adjective; this could be extended further,
   they’ll be happy to see us, etc..)
   d.  PREPOSITIONAL COMPLEMENT
   Eg: They talked about what needed doing. (The setence is completed by the Phrase linked to
   the verb by the Preposition.)

1.4 MODIFIER

tells the time, place or manner of the action. Very often it’s a prepositional phrase. Prepotional phrase is a group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun.
Note :
A modifier of time usually comes last if more than one modifier is present.
Example of prepositional phrases :
In the morning, at university, on the table
A modifier can also be an adverb or an adverbial phrase :
Last night, hurriedly, next year, outdoors, yesterday
Example : John bought a book at the bookstore
(modifier place)
Jill was swimming in the pool yesterday
(modifier of place)(modifier of time)
Note :
The modifier normally follows the complement, but not always. However, the modifier, especially when it’s a prepositional phrase, usually can’t separate the verb and the complement.
Example : She drove the car on the street
(verb) (complement)

EXAMPLE :

1. George       is cooking          dinner                 tonight

Subject      Verb Phrase    Complement      Modifier of Time

2. Henry and Marcia   have visited         the president

Subject                Verb Phrase         Complement

3. We        can eat            lunch            in this restaurant            today

Subject       Verb         Complement     Modifier of Place    Modifier of Time

4. Pat           should have bought     gasoline                yesterday

Subject          Verb Phrase          Complement       Modifier of Time

5. Tress          grow

Subject        Verb

6. It            was raining     at seven o’clock this morning

Subject     Verb Phrase             Modifier of Time

7. She            opened      a checking account         at the bank                last week

Subject            Verb            Complement         Modifier of Place     Modifier of Time

8. Harry          is washing         dishes                right now

Subject       Verb Phrase    Complement     Modifier of Time

9. She            opened        her book

Subject          Verb       Complement

10. Paul, William and Mary   were watching       television        a few minutes ago

Subject                 Verb Phrase         Complement     Modifier of Time

SUMBER :

http://yebeblog.blogspot.com/2009/12/subject-verb-complement-modifier.html

http://a2b-abrory.blogspot.com/2014/03/subject-verb-complement-modifier.html

http://tugaskuliah-adit.blogspot.com/2013/05/exercise-1-subject-verb-complement-and.html

http://suradharmadwiputra.blogspot.com/

https://safiram.wordpress.com/2015/04/15/sentence-patterrn-subject-verb-complement-and-modifier/

Subject, Verb, Complement & Modifier (Softskill English Tugas 1)

Subject, Verb, Complement & Modifier

2.1 Subject

Subject adalah tentang apa atau siapa yang dibicarakan dalam suatu kalimat atau klausa. Adapun subjek dapat berupa orang, hewan, benda, maupun

Politik Strategi Nasional

A. Pengertian Politik dan Strategi Nasional

       Politik adalah proses pembentukan dan pembagian kekuasaan dalam masyarakat yang antara lain berwujud proses pembuatan keputusan, khususnya dalam negara. Politik adalah seni dan ilmu untuk meraih kekuasaan secara konstitusional dan nonkonstitusional. Strategi adalah pendekatan secara keseluruhan yang berkaitan dengan pelaksanaan gagasan, perencanaan, dan eksekusi sebuah aktivitas dalam kurun waktu tertentu. Politik nasional adalah asas, haluan, usaha, tindakan serta kebijakan tindakan negara tentang pembinaan dan penggunaan secara menyeluruh potensi nasional baik yang potensial maupun efektif untuk tujuan nasional. Strategi nasional adalah cara melaksanakan politik nasional dalam mencapai sasaran dan tujuan yang ditetapkan oleh politik nasional .

B. Dasar Pemikiran Penyusunan Politik dan Strategi Negara

          Penyusunan politik dan strategi nasional perlu memahami pokok-pokok pikiran yang terkandung dalam sistem manajemen nasional yang berlandaskan Ideologi Pancasila, UUD 1945, Wawasan Nusantara, dan Ketahanan Nasional. Politik dan strategi nasional yang telah berlangsung selama ini disusun berdasarkan sistem kenegaraan menurut UUD 1945. Sejak tahun 1985 telah berkembang pendapat dimana jajaran pemerintah dan lembaga-lembaga yang tersebut dalam UUD 1945 disebut sebagai “Suprastruktur Politik”, yaitu MPR, DPR, Presiden, BPK dan MA. Sedangkan badan-badan yang ada dalam masyarakat disebut sebagai “Infrastruktur Politik”, yang mencakup pranata-pranata politik yang ada dalam masyarakat, seperti partai politik, organisasi kemasyarakatan, media massa, kelompok kepentingan (interest group) dan kelompok penenkan (pressure group). Antara suprastruktur dan infrastruktur politik harus dapat bekerja sama dan memiliki kekuatan yang seimbang.

          Mekanisme penyusunan politik dan strategi nasional ditingkat suprastruktur politik diatur oleh Presiden (mandataris MPR), sedangkan proses penyusunan politik dan strategi nasional di tingkat suprastruktur politik dilakukan setelah Presiden menerima GBHN. Jika politik nasional ditetapkan Presiden (mandataris MPR) maka strategi nasional dilaksanakan oleh para menteri dan pimpinan lembaga pemerintah non departemen sesuai dengan bidangnya atas petunjuk dari presiden yang sesungguhnya merupakan politik dan strategi nasional yang bersifat pelaksanaan.

C. Stratifikasi Politik Nasional

1. Tingkat Penentu Kebijakan Puncak. Tingkat kebijakan puncak meliputi kebijakan tertinggi yang lingkupnya menyeluruh secara nasional yang mencakup : penentuan UUD, penggarisan masalah makro politik bangsa dan negara untuk merumuskan tujuan nasional (national goals) berdasarkan Pancasila dan UUD 1945. Kebijakan puncak ini dilakukan oleh MPR dengan hasil rumusannya dalam berbagai GBHN dengan Ketetapan MPR.
2. Tingkat Kebijakan Umum. Tingkat kebijakan umum merupakan tingkat kebijakan di bawah tingkat kebijakan puncak, yang lingkupnya juga menyeluruh nasional dan berupa penggarisan mengenai masalah-masalah makro strategis guna mencapai tujuan nasional dalam situasi dan kondisi tertentu.
3. Tingkat Penentu Kebijakan Khusus. Kebijakan khusus merupakan penggarisan terhadap suatu bidang utama (major area) pemerintah sebagai penjabaran terhadap kebijakan umum guna merumuskan strategi, administrasi, sistem dan prosedur dalam bidang utama tersebut. Wewenang kebijakan khusus terletak pada Menteri, berdasarkan dan sesuai dengan kebijakan pada tingkat diatasnya.
4. Tingkat Penentu Kebijakan Teknis. Kebijakan teknis meliputi penggarisan dalam suatu sektor dibidang utama tersebut diatas dalam bentuk prosedur dan teknis untuk mengimplementasikan rencana, program dan kegiatan. Wewenang pengeluaran kebijakan teknis terletak ditangan Pimpinan Eselon Pertama Departemen Pemerintahan dan Pimpinan Lembaga-Lembaga Non Departemen.
5. Kekuasaan Membuat Aturan Di Daerah. Menurut kebijakan yang berlaku sekarang, maka jabatan Gubernur dan Bupati atau Wali Kota dan Kepala Daerah Tingkat I atau II disatukan dalam satu jabatan yang disebut Gubernur/Kepala Daerah Tingkat I, Bupati/Kepala Daerah Tingkat II atau Wali Kota/Kepala Daerah Tingkat II. 

Sumber: https://melishaputri.wordpress.com/2013/06/24/politik-strategi-nasional/